Approaches to Integrated Pest Management in Orchards: Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) Case Study

Insect pests have major effects on agricultural production and food supply. Pest control in conventional crop management orchards is mainly based agrochemicals, which entails economic, health environmental costs. Other approaches, such as biological methods or products biologically active substances sex pheromones used for mating disruption, faced some implementation challenges, particularly relation to invasive insect species. The key appropriate pest identify the species understand its biology behaviour. systems should monitor, detect inform fruit growers about changes distribution, population ecology, possible damage level economic loses. Comstockaspis perniciosa (San José scale—SJS) a model example of against method integrated be adopted. This review presents case study support this statement.